DMSO as solvent on the synthesis of flame-retardant polyether polyols

Polyether polyols with flame-retardant properties are synthesized using glycerol phosphate disodium salt as an initiator and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent. The molecular weight of the polyol decreased when higher solvent to initiator ratios were used, revealing that a larger amount of salt was activated. In addition, the larger the amount of activated salt was, the higher the percentage of phosphorous was in the final polyol. Glycerol phosphate disodium salt was still partially insoluble in the studied proportions of DMSO. Thus, the recovery and reuse of this part of the salt for the synthesis of new flame-retardant polyols were evaluated. The recovered salt promoted a shorter induction period because it presented a larger amount of deprotonated hydroxyl groups. In addition, there were no differences between both synthesized polyols, indicating that it is possible to use the recovered salt in the same way as it is used commercially with the advantage of a shorter induction period for polymerization. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47042.     

端氨基嵌段聚醚类油浆沉降剂的制备与表征

沉降助剂法是脱除催化裂化外甩油浆中固体颗粒的有效方法。针对现有油浆沉降剂中存在的不足,本文将提供氢键和酸碱对作用的胺类基团与提供架桥作用的嵌段聚醚相结合,制备出一种端氨基嵌段聚醚,并通过液体核磁图谱确定其化学结构。对比实验证明,胺类基团与聚醚结构起到协同作用,且键接的方式有助于促进胺类基团在油浆中分散。为方便后续应用,将端氨基嵌段聚醚与溶剂油、乙二醇进行复配,得到不同含量的端氨基嵌段聚醚类油浆沉降剂。通过对加剂量、沉降温度和沉降时间的考察,确定最佳沉降工艺为加入400mg/kg端氨基嵌段聚醚质量分数为40%的沉降剂,在90℃下沉降48h。此时脱灰率能达到90%以上,可将灰分降至0.02%以下,可用于生产高级炭黑等高附加值产品。该沉降剂原料易得且效果好,有望实现大规模的工业化生产和应用。     

Highly efficient ring-opening polymerization of tetrahydrofuran by anhydrous ferric chloride

Poly(tetramethylene ether glycol) (PTMG), widely used as a precursor in the fabrication of commodity polymers, is typically produced byacid-catalyzed polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF). Herein, we report a detailed investigation of the cationic ring-opening polymerization of THF catalyzed by ferric chloride (FeCl₃), which can be considered as a strong Lewisacid. The polymerization reactions were performed in the presence of acetic anhydride at 20°C with FeCl₃, which readily produced poly(tetramethylene ether glycol diester) (PTMG_DE). A maximum yield of 79.2% was obtained within 30 min using a FeCl₃ to acetic anhydride molar ratio of 5:4. The resulting polymers generally exhibited low molecular weights and a narrow polydispersity index and could be easily converted into PTMG using aqueous NaOH. In contrast with the FeCl₃-acetic anhydride system, other iron-based catalysts such as FeCl₂ and FeCl₃·6H₂O did not show any noticeable activity in the polymerization of THF. The proposed mechanism involves initiation of the acetyl cation generated by FeCl₃, propagation by nucleophilic addition of THF, and termination by the acetate anion, accounting for the high activity of the FeCl₃ catalyst for THF polymerization. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47999.     

超滤膜的制备及其截留率与产水SDI值之间的关系

以聚醚砜（PES）为膜材料,N甲基2吡咯烷酮（NMP）为溶剂,分别选用不同分子量的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP K10、PVP K30、PVP K50、PVP K70）为添加剂,利用相转化法制备了PES平板超滤膜。研究了制备条件对膜结构及性能的影响。当PES含量为18 %（质量分数,下同）,PVP K30添加量为6 %时,超滤膜平均水通量和平均截留率最佳,分别为90.7 L/（m2·h）、95.1 %。实验进一步测定了5组膜片对1 g/L牛血清蛋白（BSA）溶液的截留率以及它们对取自生活饮用自来水和泳池水样滤出水的污染密度指数（SDI）值。结果表明,PES超滤膜对生活饮用水滤出水的SDI5 min值随着截留率的升高而降低;针对泳池滤出水,随着超滤膜截留率的升高,其滤出水的SDI5 min值没有明显变化。     

在NiCl2、MnCl2或FeCl3存在下用多元醇法高浓度合成银纳米线

报道了一种用于高浓度制备银纳米线的改性多元醇法。在NiCl₂、MnCl₂或FeCl₃存在下高浓度地制得了具有均一尺寸和形貌的银纳米线。所得银纳米线的直径约为60～100 nm、长度约30～60 μm。研究了AgNO₃溶液浓度、PVP和AgNO₃比例和控制剂浓度等对所得银纳米线形貌的影响。研究发现可以通过反应条件的改变来调节所得银纳米线的形貌。本方法的可能机理是由于引入的金属阳离子可以除掉吸附在晶种表面的氧,从而促进银纳米线的生长。     

两种封端聚醚大单体及其共聚物制备与阻磷酸钙垢应用

采用烯丙基聚乙二醇单醚APEO10为原料制备了大分子单体磺酸盐封端聚醚APES10和羧酸盐封端聚醚APEC10并分别与小分子单体丙烯酸AA聚合生成两种聚羧酸类阻垢剂AA/APES10和AA/APEC10,用红外光谱、核磁共振对其结构进行了表征。实验确定了聚合反应单体最佳质量比为m(APES10):m(AA)=1:1,m(APEC10):m(AA)=2:3。通过静态阻垢实验对比了两种聚合物的阻磷酸钙垢性能。结果表明,合成的两种阻垢剂AA/APES10和AA/APEC10在临界值6 mg·L^-1时阻磷酸钙垢率分别为92%、100%,但羧酸盐封端聚醚大单体合成的阻垢剂AA/APEC10阻磷酸钙垢能力优于磺酸盐封端聚醚大单体合成的阻垢剂,且聚合物AA/APEC10只含碳、氢、氧、钠4种元素,无氮、磷污染,可以充当循环水用环保型阻磷酸钙垢阻垢剂。     

酚胺树脂聚醚破乳剂的界面活性

采用旋转滴法测定了9种酚胺树脂聚醚型破乳剂（PAPEmn, m、n = 1、2或3）与胜利油田孤东二元驱原油及水驱原油的界面张力,考察了破乳剂浓度、破乳剂分子结构及温度等因素对油水界面张力的影响。结果表明,该系列破乳剂具有高于常规破乳剂的界面活性,且随着破乳剂浓度升高油水界面张力显著下降,对于亲水性较强的PAPEm3系列破乳剂,随浓度从50 mg/L升高到1500 mg/L其界面张力从10∧0数量级降低至10∧-3数量级;破乳剂的界面活性与其分子结构密切相关,实验范围内亲水亲油平衡（HLB值）改变比分子量的变化更能影响油-水界面活性,随HLB值增大破乳剂的界面活性明显增强;随着温度升高,破乳剂的界面活性下降,表明该系列破乳剂较适合在低温下使用。     

高固含量聚合物多元醇的研究进展

介绍了高固含量聚合物多元醇（HPOP）的特点,综述了HPOP的合成技术研究进展,讨论了HPOP的分析、测试及应用状况,指出具有高稳定性、低黏度的HPOP是今后的研究重点。     

小桐子油脂肪酸聚酯多元醇及聚氨酯泡沫的制备和性能

研究了脂肪酸环氧-开环-酯化三步反应制备聚酯多元醇,比较了3种不同碘值的脂肪酸原料制备的聚酯多元醇及其聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）性能。脂肪酸碘值越高多元醇的羟值也越高：1#、2#和3#聚酯多元醇羟值分别为：261.47 mgKOH/g、370.28 mgKOH/g和434.49 mgKOH/g。3种多元醇的相对分子量为600～2000。3种泡沫的压缩和弯曲性能与泡沫密度成正比。泡沫SEM分析显示：羟值较高的多元醇泡沫2#和3#泡沫孔结构较规则,以正五边形和正六边形居多;1#泡沫泡孔不规则,易变形。对3种泡沫的TG-DSC、DTG分析结果表明：3种泡沫的热分解温度都约为300 ℃,具有较好热稳定性。     

NEPE推进剂无损型贮存寿命预估

为了实现对硝酸酯增塑聚醚(NEPE)推进剂药柱贮存寿命进行预估时的测量无损性,通过对施加10％定压缩应变的NEPE推进剂进行高温热加速老化实验、气体含量监测实验、单向拉伸力学性能实验,基于相关性分析和寿命预估模型,提出了一种以特征气体含量变化为基础数据的无损型寿命预估模型.结果表明,NEPE推进剂贮存老化过程中,CO气...